Public transport affordability varies a lot by country, but one rule holds almost everywhere: single tickets are the most expensive way to travel, and passes are where the savings live. If you commute daily, a weekly or monthly pass usually pays for itself within a couple of weeks compared to buying rides one by one. Many cities also offer discounted passes for students, seniors, or new residents, so always ask what categories exist.
Buses are typically the cheapest option, trains and metros slightly more, and ride-hailing or taxis a different budget category entirely, fine occasionally but ruinous as a daily habit. If you are considering a car instead, remember the real cost is not just fuel but insurance, parking, and maintenance, which often makes public transport the clear winner in cities.
Check the official transit authority website or app for current fares rather than relying on forum numbers, since prices change regularly. Budget transport as a fixed monthly cost and it stops being a source of stress.