Bike lane quality is possibly the single most city-specific thing in travel, ranging from networks so complete that cycling is the default way everyone moves, to paint-on-asphalt gestures that no casual rider should trust, so the answer really is: research your specific city rather than the country.
The honest global pattern: Northern European cities set the standard with protected, connected networks where casual tourists ride safely from day one; many other European, East Asian, and increasingly American and Latin American cities have good central networks that thin toward the edges; and in car-dominant cities, lanes may exist as fragments that dump you into traffic, where casual riders are better off keeping bikes to parks, waterfronts, and dedicated greenways, which nearly every big city has and which are lovely, low-stress tourist cycling on their own.