The mechanics are similar everywhere: dial the national emergency number, state your location first, then the nature of the emergency. Location first matters because if the call drops or language fails, help can still come. Many regions have a general emergency number covering everything, while some countries use separate numbers for ambulance, police, and fire, so look up your destination's numbers on arrival and note that hotels and locals can dial on your behalf, which is often the fastest fix for language issues.
On language: in major cities and tourist regions, dispatchers increasingly have English capability or can transfer you, but never count on it. Useful workarounds include having your address written in the local language, using a translation app's voice mode, handing the phone to any local nearby, and some countries offer tourist police or tourist hotlines with interpreters who can conference into a call.