Unfortunately, the near-universal rule is that visa fees are processing fees, not approval fees. If your application is refused, the money is gone in almost every country, because you paid for the review of your file rather than for the visa itself. Withdrawn applications are treated the same way in most systems.
Service charges from application centers and courier fees are usually non-refundable too, though some centers refund optional extras that were never used. Where a genuine error was made by the processing side, such as a misprinted visa, corrections are typically free, but errors you made on the form usually mean a fresh application and a fresh fee.
Before reapplying after a refusal, read the refusal letter carefully and fix the actual stated reason, otherwise you risk paying again for the same outcome. The refund policy for your specific destination will be spelled out on the official portal or the embassy site, so check there before assuming anything.