Yes, a growing club of countries lets qualified people arrive first and job-hunt second, and it is one of the most useful developments in skilled migration. Germany's Opportunity Card is the best-known example, a points-based permit allowing entry to search for work. Several other countries operate comparable schemes: some offer dedicated job seeker visas for graduates or skilled professionals, others run points-based systems where strong candidates can obtain residence without a prior offer, and a few give recent graduates of their own universities a post-study period to find employment. The list changes often enough that checking official immigration sites for current options is essential.
Eligibility criteria rhyme across countries even when details differ: a recognized university degree or strong vocational qualification, several years of professional experience, language ability in either the local language or English, proof of funds to support yourself for the search period since these visas rarely permit full work, and health insurance. Points systems typically reward youth, in-demand occupations and prior ties to the country.
Strategic advice: treat the search period as shorter than it looks, start applying and networking before you land, and understand what happens when you do get an offer, since converting to a proper work permit is a second application with its own requirements.