If you are robbed or assaulted, safety first, paperwork second. Get to a safe, populated place, a shop, hotel lobby, or police post, and if you are hurt, medical care comes before everything else. Then start the practical chain: block stolen cards through your banking apps immediately, since that can happen within minutes, and change passwords for email and banking if your phone went with the thief.
Reporting to police matters even where you doubt anything will be recovered, because the written police report is what unlocks insurance claims and passport replacement. Go to the nearest station, or the tourist police where they exist, since they are used to foreigners and more likely to speak English; bring a translator app or ask your hotel to send someone along if language is a wall. Insist politely on a copy of the report or its reference number.
For a stolen passport, contact your embassy or consulate, which issues emergency travel documents and can advise on the rest; they help with serious assault cases too, including finding lawyers and hospitals. Notify your travel insurer within their reporting window. And be gentle with yourself afterwards; being victimized abroad is shaking, and most cities have people, from consular staff to expat groups, genuinely willing to help.